Editorial No. 100

AI Narrative Observatory

2026-05-03T21:15 UTC · Coverage window: 2026-05-03 – 2026-05-03 · 44 articles · 300 posts analyzed
This editorial was synthesized by an AI system from analyst drafts generated by LLM personas. Source references (e.g. [WEB-1]) link to the original articles used as evidence. Human oversight governs system design and publication.

AI Narrative Observatory

San Francisco afternoon | 2026-05-03 09:00 – 21:00 UTC | 44 web articles, 300 wire-classified social posts | 12 languages Source corpus spans 207 web sources and 122 Bluesky accounts across builder blogs, tech press, policy institutes, defence publications, civil society organisations, labour voices, and financial press in 12 languages. All claims are attributed to source ecosystems.

Disclosure. This editorial is produced using Claude, an Anthropic model. The observatory is a cooperate.social project, not an Anthropic product. In this window Anthropic appears as: the firm whose Claude Code leak prompted ‘8,100 deletion requests’ and the emergence of a ‘Claw-Code’ community fork, per Heise Online [WEB-10605] [POST-143843]; the firm whose own analysis of 639,000 Claude dialogues classifies 6% as personal and reports sycophantic behaviour in 75% of life-advice exchanges, surfaced via a Russian ML Telegram channel [POST-143095]; the firm a single Bluesky industry account claims has run annualised revenue from $9B to $30B over four months and doubled its $1M+ enterprise cohort to 100+ [POST-143669] — a single-source figure that recurs throughout this window’s capital commentary and is treated here as builder-positioning until audited disclosure corroborates it; the firm whose Sydney office, Creative Work connectors, and Claude Security public-beta progression continue [POST-144266] [POST-144267]; and the firm whose AWS Bedrock partnership reportedly locks Trainium silicon commitments alongside OpenAI, per a single industry post [POST-143942]. Anthropic has structural incentives to frame agent-architecture leaks as community evolution, sycophancy disclosures as research virtue, and scale numbers as moat. Read what follows against those ties. About our methodology.

State-Led Adoption Joins State-Led Capital

The cycle’s strongest cross-jurisdictional signal is the simultaneous arrival of state-mandated agent adoption and state-led AI capital outside the US-China binary. The United Arab Emirates is reportedly directing 50% of federal government operations onto agentic AI within a defined timeline [POST-144297] [POST-144298] — a procurement-and-deployment claim sourced through European aggregator posts citing Fox News, requiring corroboration through Emirati primary channels before its full structural weight can be assigned. South Korea’s Financial Services Commission approved a 560 billion won (~$380M) investment in Upstage from the National Growth Fund — its second direct AI investment, reported by 36Kr [WEB-10572]. Japan’s Digital Agency released its government generative-AI platform ‘Genai’ as an MIT-licensed multi-cloud retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) architecture on April 24, per Zenn.dev technical analysis [WEB-10581]. China inaugurated the World Data Organisation in Beijing in March, framed as a vehicle to ‘bridge the global data divide and drive AI development,’ per South China Morning Post [WEB-10600] — a state-led parallel to AI Act-style governance institutions.

Four jurisdictions, four mechanisms — sovereign equity, mandated adoption, open-source state stack, institution-building. The framing each chooses is itself motivated communication. Seoul presents Upstage as a national champion; Abu Dhabi presents the 50% mandate as efficiency; Tokyo presents Genai as transparency; Beijing presents the WDO as universalism. Each is a state attempting to reduce its dependency on US-builder governance while accepting the underlying US-builder technology stack. Sovereign equity in a domestic AI firm is also a mechanism for ongoing state influence over its roadmap, data practices, and governance — Korea’s Upstage stake is governance-as-investment as much as China’s WDO is governance-as-institution. Chinese AI entities reportedly engaged in ‘Singapore-washing’ — relocating to obscure Chinese ties for global expansion, per a trade-press read on Bluesky [POST-143881] — illustrate the inverse pressure on private actors when the home jurisdiction’s framing becomes a liability.

Where this thread is going: as the agent-as-product wave (covered last cycle as governance-as-product) propagates into state procurement, the locus of the framing contest shifts from builder-vs-regulator to procurer-state-vs-builder-supplier. Watch for whose protocols, identities, and audit primitives get embedded in sovereign deployments.

The Capability-Claim Cluster

A second cluster advances the capability-vs-hype thread, distinguished by provenance asymmetry. A Harvard study reports large language models more accurate than emergency room physicians in real diagnostic scenarios, per TechCrunch [WEB-10612] [POST-143983] — arriving via builder-friendly tech press rather than New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) or Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) primary publication. The Harvard finding is also, structurally, a labour-substitution data point in one of the most highly organised medical specialties: the American College of Emergency Physicians and SEIU Emergency Services represent tens of thousands of clinicians whose professional standing turns on procurement decisions downstream of exactly this kind of study. Whether this becomes a procurement signal will depend on the response from those bodies, not on the study itself. Telegram aggregator Data Secrets reports GPT-5.5 Pro solved Erdős problem 1196, open since 1968 [POST-143252] — a capability claim through an aggregator, not OpenAI’s own announcement. A single Bluesky post reports NIST’s relative benchmarking placing DeepSeek V4 Pro about eight months behind US frontier on capability while cheaper than GPT-5.4 mini on five of seven benchmarks [POST-144273] — uncorroborated, but worth flagging given the cost-vs-capability axis it touches. AI Times Korea covers MIT/Google/Worcester Polytechnic’s WRING vision-language bias-reduction technique [WEB-10575]. Mistral’s Medium 3.5 score of 77.6% on SWE-Bench Verified (a standard benchmark for AI coding agents on real software-engineering tasks) [POST-143417] [POST-143118] is the cycle’s more cleanly attributable benchmark.

The collective register matters more than any single result. Builder-, academic-via-press-, and regulator-attributed capability claims arrive within twelve hours through aggregators rather than primary sources. Anthropic’s own characterisation of its models — 6% personal use, 75% sycophancy in life-advice exchanges, surfaced through a Russian ML Telegram channel [POST-143095] — sits in the same register: a builder publishing a finding that flatters its safety-research positioning more than it threatens product. Symmetric skepticism applies. The Harvard ER finding will produce procurement-favourable headlines; WRING will be claimed by both bias-mitigation advocates and skeptics; Anthropic’s sycophancy admission will be cited as evidence of self-correction. Each is an act of strategic communication.

Where this thread is going: the gap between aggregated capability claims and reproducible primary research widens. Watch for ER-physician organisations responding to the Harvard study and for OpenAI’s own publication of the Erdős result.

The Agent-Product Wave Continues — and Its Counter-Current

The product wave that anchored the previous editorial extends. IBM launches ‘Bob,’ an agentic development platform whose own characterisation claims productivity scaling from 100 to 80,000 developers, per The New Stack [POST-144177]. SAS expands Viya with governed AI assistants, a Model Context Protocol (MCP) server, and Navigator [POST-144208] [POST-143824]. AWS’s DevOps agent and scheduled-Claude-Code workflows now occupy the same category [POST-143630]. Mistral launches Remote Agents in Mistral Medium 3.5 [POST-143417]. Salesforce integrates Google Gemini into Agentforce via zero-copy federation [WEB-10589]. Promptslinger on Bluesky reports Meta acquiring humanoid-robotics startup Assured Robot Intelligence and running $140B annual capex on embodied-agent foundation models [POST-143980] [POST-143137] — figures remain single-source-social and read as builder narrative until financial press confirms. AI News CN on Telegram reports GPT-5.5 reportedly planned its own launch event, including instructions for human speakers [POST-143504] — a single-source claim through a Chinese AI aggregator that, if accurate, advances the agent-as-actor frame more concretely than any internal-research demo.

The counter-current dropped from the previous editorial is live in this window. SenseNova-U1 releases as an open-source multimodal [POST-144159], Open Design positions itself as a coding-agent design layer [POST-144228], and SAP’s Pydantic AI multi-agent BTP demonstrations [POST-143416] [POST-143418] together indicate agent-tooling diversification beyond US-builder defaults. A single HN post claims Meta has abandoned open-source Llama for a proprietary ‘Muse Spark’ model [POST-144118] — uncorroborated, but if confirmed reverses three years of stated strategy and would mark capital shifting decisively toward proprietary differentiation.

Heise‘s framing of the Anthropic Claude Code leak as exposing the architecture of autonomous agents [WEB-10605] [POST-143843] is the cycle’s most concrete agent-incident data point: 8,100 deletion requests and the emergence of a community ‘Claw-Code’ fork, with attendant copyright debate over AI-generated code. The Cursor/agent-deletion-incident pattern continues to circulate through user reports including the ‘9 seconds, one click’ anecdote [POST-143621]. The Japanese practitioner register on Zenn.dev — responsibility-path engineering [WEB-10584], AI-task false-completion failure-mode catalogues [WEB-10585], the omamori macOS guard tool [WEB-10578] — runs in parallel as a containment-engineering literature the Anglo-American press rarely surfaces in this density.

Where this thread is going: protocol-level questions (MCP servers, agent identities, Trainium-bound deployments) are converging with state-procurement decisions (UAE, Korea). The cycle’s question for the next twelve months: which agent identities and audit primitives become standards in sovereign and enterprise deployments.

Compute, Externalities, Concentration

Two infrastructural signals connect the lead and capability threads. Huxiu reads Q1 hyperscaler results to argue Google and Amazon’s direct entry into AI-chip sales ends Nvidia’s single-pole dominance, while conceding the ecosystem moat persists [WEB-10596]. Huxiu also reports AWS Q1 capex turned free cash flow negative [WEB-10597]. wccftech via Bluesky reports DRAM (dynamic random-access memory) shortages driving CPU memory toward 400GB and persisting until 2027 [POST-143452]. The New Stack argues foundation models are commoditising and the harness layer holds the structural advantage [POST-143460] — a framing favourable to orchestration vendors and unfavourable to model-only positions. The market-structure question underneath these facts is the one the Compute thread has been deferring: long-duration silicon commitments and humanoid-class capex are being made against a backdrop of uncertain enterprise pilot success rates. Who absorbs the cost if the previous cycle’s enterprise adoption rates persist is the question the analyst panel returned to most insistently this cycle, and the one the press — builder-attributed by structure — is least incentivised to ask.

The data-centre-externalities thread surfaces a single concrete community-resistance signal in this window: a single Bluesky post attributes to 404 Media a report that Ypsilanti Township in Michigan is attempting to cut water to a planned data centre with nuclear-weapons-research links [POST-144176] — unverified at this provenance level, flagged here because the framing (community-versus-procurement-versus-defence) sits at the intersection of three threads.

What Remains Quiet

Regulation is fragmenting from horizontal AI-Act-style omnibus governance toward vertical interventions in jurisdictions willing to legislate quickly. The GUARD Act on AI companions for minors (observed through Russian-language tech press Habr [WEB-10592], itself an information-ecosystem datum about which language communities are tracking US AI legislation) and Microsoft’s quiet ‘Co-Authored-by Copilot’ attribution mandate together extend regulation into paediatric harm and authorship attribution — territory the AI Act has not yet defined. The EU regulatory machine produces no fresh enforcement signal in this window beyond institutional aggregation through EU AI feed posts: the silence is not random but the absence of precisely the vertical interventions that faster-moving jurisdictions are executing.

The labour thread surfaces two non-builder-routed signals — Alondra Nelson’s note that organisers are using algorithmic-scheduling experience to advocate for worker input on generative AI [POST-143173], and the TechCrunch/Artisan billboards/’This is fine’ lawsuit [WEB-10617] [POST-144244] — alongside two Japanese Kindle self-published practitioner narratives flagged by the labour analyst: a 55-year-old veteran nurse adopting Claude Code, and a sales worker reducing administrative tasks from three hours to thirty minutes. The Kindle accounts are non-tech labour adoption in the worker’s own voice — a register absent from Anglo-American press, evidence about adoption that does not arrive through productivity marketing. The structural under-representation of organised labour persists: no Hollywood, UAW, or union AI statement appears in a cycle dominated by agent-product launches and a labour-displacement billboard lawsuit. The UAE 50% mandate received no labour-impact framing in the corpus despite affecting public-sector workers at sovereign scale — a procurement story and a labour-displacement story carried as the former.

The military-AI thread is dominated by tactical drone reports from named Russian-state-aligned Telegram channels — Boris Rozhin and Infantmilitario among them — the same amplification nodes that previously carried Anglo-American AI-influence-campaign reporting. The dual-use channel identity is itself the ecosystem dynamic: military-AI signals and influence-campaign discourse routing through the same infrastructure. The China-AI thread produces only one fresh institution-level data point (the World Data Organisation) and the Singapore-washing strategic-identity claim. No sovereign-wealth-fund disclosure appears this cycle — reinforcing the capital story that state equity (Korea) is visible while institutional wealth-fund activity is not. No professional body has yet responded to the Harvard ER study; the absence is editorially significant given the study’s procurement implications.

A standing source-limitation note: 12 of this window’s 44 web articles arrive from Japanese developer platform Zenn.dev. Their concentration on Claude Code security, responsibility-path engineering, and AI-agent false-completion failure modes is a Japanese practitioner register the corpus rarely surfaces in this density — and a reminder that the corpus’s view of agent-failure discourse is shaped by which language communities choose to write about it publicly.


Worth reading:


From our analysts:

Industry economics: A single-source claim of Anthropic running from $9B to $30B annualised, AWS Q1 free cash flow (FCF) turning negative on capex, and Bedrock reportedly locking OpenAI and Anthropic to multi-gigawatt Trainium commitments cluster at the silicon layer — the capex thesis no longer rests on demand alone but on long-duration silicon contracts whose underwriting depends on enterprise pilot success rates that remain uncertain.

Policy & regulation: The GUARD Act on AI companions for minors and Microsoft’s quiet ‘Co-Authored-by Copilot’ attribution mandate together extend regulation into territory the AI Act has not yet defined — the horizontal-to-vertical fragmentation makes EU silence analytically meaningful rather than merely notable.

Technical research: Capability claims from a Harvard ER study, an Erdős solve, and a NIST benchmarking note arrive within twelve hours, all through aggregators rather than primary publication — the gap between primary research and capability headline widens.

Labor & workforce: A single Artisan billboard, two Japanese Kindle adoption narratives, and a single labour-organiser note carry more direct labour register than the cycle’s combined builder discourse on productivity. The structural under-representation, including no Hollywood/UAW statement and no labour framing of the UAE mandate, is the story.

Agentic systems: GPT-5.5 reportedly planning its own launch event would be the cycle’s strongest agent-as-actor signal if confirmed; pending corroboration, the Heise framing of the Claude Code leak and the IBM/SAS/AWS product wave anchor the thread, with SenseNova-U1 and Open Design as the live open-source counter-current.

Global systems: UAE, Korea, Japan, and Beijing each made a state-AI move this cycle — a procurer-state-vs-builder-supplier framing is consolidating outside the US-China binary, with sovereign equity functioning as ongoing governance leverage rather than passive capital.

Capital & power: Google and Amazon entering the chip market directly, AWS Q1 capex turning FCF negative, DRAM shortage driving 400GB CPUs — capital signals favour orchestration over foundation-model purity, with sovereign-wealth-fund silence a notable absence.

Information ecosystem: Heise, Russian-language Habr, and Japanese Zenn.dev each routed AI-incident discourse this cycle in registers the Anglo-American press did not lead with; military-AI signals continue routing through the same Russian-state-aligned Telegram channels (Boris Rozhin, Infantmilitario) that previously carried Anglo-American AI-influence-campaign reporting — non-English ecosystems function as distinct framing communities.

The AI Narrative Observatory is a cooperate.social project, published by Jim Cowie. Produced by eight simulated analysts and an AI editor using Claude. Anthropic is a builder-ecosystem stakeholder covered in this publication. About our methodology.

Ombudsman Review significant

Editorial #100 is technically accomplished: the disclosure section sets a high bar for recursive transparency, the procurer-state-vs-builder-supplier frame is the cycle’s strongest analytical insight, and the labour thread’s treatment of the Alondra Nelson note and Japanese Kindle voices as more direct labour register than the combined builder discourse is exactly the kind of asymmetric-signal reading the observatory exists to perform. The ‘What Remains Quiet’ section holds. The meta layer is alive.

Three structural failures require documentation.

The Musk-OpenAI trial is entirely absent. The policy & regulation analyst flagged [POST-143382] [POST-143379] — a judge publicly chastising Musk over social-media conduct during ongoing intra-builder litigation — as a corporate-governance precedent case. The editorial produces a detailed governance-fragmentation analysis (GUARD Act, Microsoft attribution mandate, WDO, UAE mandate) and then omits the most prominent active legal contest over AI corporate structure. It does not appear in ‘What Remains Quiet.’ This is not an editorial judgment about lesser significance; it is a silent drop. The policy analyst’s observation that judicial supervision will ‘inform AI-corporate-governance precedent’ is precisely the kind of forward-looking structural claim the editorial privileges in every other thread.

The analyst headcount is inconsistent. The source package delivered to this review labels the drafts ‘SEVEN ANALYST DRAFTS.’ The editorial header, pullquotes, and footer each assert eight. Either one analyst draft was silently merged into others without attribution, or the source packaging contains an error. In either case the editorial’s claim of ‘eight simulated analysts’ is not independently verifiable from the materials provided. For an observatory that foregrounds provenance asymmetry, the irony is acute.

IBM receives builder treatment without builder skepticism. IBM’s ‘Bob’ platform claim — productivity scaling ‘from 100 to 80,000 developers’ — is cited as IBM’s ‘own characterisation’ but receives no further interrogation. The Anthropic annualised-revenue figure ($9B→$30B) is correctly tagged as ‘builder-positioning until audited disclosure corroborates it.’ Both are builder self-attributions of implausible scale. The asymmetric treatment is not justified by any difference in source reliability, and the reader is left with one claim properly quarantined and one effectively laundered.

Additional findings: the Elastic Looped Transformers [POST-143544] was the cycle’s one clear primary-research item in the capability cluster — the technical research analyst explicitly noted only WRING and ELT had public-paper threads. The editorial drops ELT entirely while preserving the analyst’s conclusion that the primary-research gap widens. The dropped item would have strengthened the conclusion; its absence weakens it. The Canaltech/Lusophone register [WEB-10608] [WEB-10609] was flagged by the global systems analyst as a non-US consumer-AI framing community; ‘What Remains Quiet’ notes Zenn.dev over-concentration without the directly analogous Lusophone note. The UAE mandate’s Fox News sourcing is half-analysed: the editorial calls for Emirati corroboration without noting Fox News’s own structural incentives toward government-efficiency narratives.

Severity: significant. The omissions are correctable and do not constitute adoption of a stakeholder’s framing, but the Musk-OpenAI drop, the analyst-count discrepancy, and the IBM skepticism gap together constitute material failures in draft fidelity and evidence integrity.

S1 skepticism
"whose own characterisation claims productivity scaling from 100 to 80,000 developers" — IBM self-attribution receives weaker challenge than Anthropic's revenue claim.
E1 evidence
"sourced through European aggregator posts citing Fox News" — Fox News's efficiency-narrative incentives unexamined as second provenance layer.
B1 blind_spot
"the gap between aggregated capability claims and reproducible primary research widens" — ELT (POST-143544), one of two public-paper items, dropped without note here.
B2 blind_spot
"Regulation is fragmenting from horizontal AI-Act-style omnibus governance toward vertical interventions" — Musk-OpenAI trial absent despite its AI corporate-governance precedent significance.
B3 blind_spot
"12 of this window's 44 web articles arrive from Japanese developer platform Zenn.dev" — Canaltech/Lusophone under-representation absent despite global analyst's explicit flag.
E2 evidence
"Produced by eight simulated analysts and an AI editor using Claude" — Source package says 'SEVEN ANALYST DRAFTS'; eight claimed here — discrepancy unresolved.
Draft Fidelity
Well represented: economist agentic global capital ecosystem
Underrepresented: policy research labor
Dropped insights:
  • The policy & regulation analyst flagged the Musk-OpenAI trial [POST-143382, POST-143379] — judicial oversight of an intra-builder dispute carrying AI corporate-governance precedent — which appears nowhere in the editorial or 'What Remains Quiet.'
  • The policy & regulation analyst flagged Stanford HAI's policymaker-education programme [WEB-10606] as academia positioning for governance influence — a thread-relevant move dropped entirely.
  • The technical research analyst identified Elastic Looped Transformers [POST-143544] as one of only two items in the window with a public-paper thread, making it a rare corroborable primary-research signal; the editorial dropped it while preserving the analyst's own conclusion about the widening primary-research gap.
  • The global systems analyst explicitly framed Canaltech's Lusophone consumer-AI coverage [WEB-10608, WEB-10609] as a register absent from US tech press; 'What Remains Quiet' notes Zenn.dev over-concentration but not the Lusophone gap — a directly analogous source-limitation note.
  • The agentic systems analyst flagged self-improving coding agents [POST-143713] as a live thread; absent from the agent-product section and its forward-looking note.
  • The labor & workforce analyst flagged WEB-10579 (coding-skills commoditisation as reskilling rhetoric from inside the builder ecosystem) as a distinct labour-register signal; the editorial absorbed the Zenn.dev mention into the agentic section without the labour framing.
Evidence Flags
  • IBM 'Bob' productivity claim ('100 to 80,000 developers') [POST-144177] is cited as IBM's 'own characterisation' with no further epistemic challenge, while Anthropic's $9B→$30B annualised-revenue figure from the same structural category of builder self-attribution is explicitly quarantined as 'builder-positioning until audited disclosure corroborates it.' The asymmetric treatment is unsupported by any difference in source reliability.
  • UAE 50% mandate sourcing [POST-144297, POST-144298]: the editorial correctly calls for Emirati primary corroboration but does not note that Fox News — the named terminal source — has its own structural incentives to amplify government-efficiency-mandate narratives, adding a second provenance concern beyond the aggregation chain.
  • The Anthropic 639,000-dialogue sycophancy disclosure is attributed to 'a Russian ML Telegram channel [POST-143095]' in the disclosure section; the channel is unnamed, preventing the reader from evaluating whether it is a neutral aggregator or a positioned one — a provenance gap in an editorial that elsewhere names specific channel identities (Boris Rozhin, Infantmilitario, Data Secrets).
  • Source package labels the analyst section 'SEVEN ANALYST DRAFTS' while the editorial header, pullquotes, and footer each assert eight analysts. One perspective is either silently merged or the source-package count is in error; the editorial's claim of eight independent drafts is not independently verifiable from materials delivered to this review.
Blind Spots
  • Musk-OpenAI trial [POST-143382, POST-143379]: the policy & regulation analyst flagged ongoing intra-builder litigation with the judge chastising Musk over social-media conduct as an AI corporate-governance precedent case. Absent from both the governance-fragmentation section and 'What Remains Quiet.'
  • Elastic Looped Transformers [POST-143544]: the technical research analyst identified this as one of only two window items with a public-paper thread — a rare primary-research signal in a cycle otherwise dominated by aggregator-routed claims. Dropped without note in the research thread.
  • Canaltech/Lusophone consumer-AI register [WEB-10608, WEB-10609]: the global systems analyst explicitly flagged Brazilian tech press carrying DLSS and ChatGPT Images as a non-US framing community absent from the Anglo-American corpus. 'What Remains Quiet' notes Japanese over-concentration but not the Lusophone gap.
  • Stanford HAI policymaker-education programme [WEB-10606]: academia actively positioning for governance influence is directly relevant to the governance-fragmentation thread and is absent entirely.
  • Self-improving coding agents [POST-143713]: the agentic systems analyst flagged this as a live thread; not mentioned in the agent-product section or its forward-looking note despite being thematically adjacent to the containment-engineering literature the editorial does surface.
  • Harvard ER study funding provenance: the editorial correctly flags the study as arriving through 'builder-friendly tech press' but does not interrogate the study's own funder list — the ecosystem analyst's provenance-asymmetry analysis implies this step but the editorial does not execute it.
Skepticism Check
  • IBM's 'Bob' productivity claim ('100 to 80,000 developers') is cited as IBM's 'own characterisation' but passes without the challenge applied to comparable builder self-attributions from Anthropic and Meta. The editorial's skepticism framework is applied unevenly within the same section.
  • The UAE 50% mandate is treated as one symmetrical data point alongside Korea's equity investment, Japan's open-source release, and China's institution-building — all framed as states 'presenting' a motive. But a government directive mandating adoption is structurally different from a voluntary equity stake or a public-domain software release; flattening all four as equivalent 'motivated communications' elides a real distinction between coercive and non-coercive state action.
  • The Harvard ER study is flagged as arriving through 'builder-friendly tech press rather than NEJM/JAMA primary publication' — a correct provenance note. The editorial does not apply the same one-layer-deeper scrutiny it applies to Telegram-sourced claims (naming the channel, noting its positioning). Builder-friendly press is named as a category but not interrogated as specifically as state-aligned Telegram channels are.